AAPB Annual Meeting Poster Presentations
Poster Presentations will be held on Friday, May 15 at the Poster and President’s Reception at 7:30 pm.
Poster presentations enhance knowledge sharing and collaboration in the scientific community, poster presentations are vital at scientific meetings:
- Provide a platform for researchers to showcase their work visually and succinctly.
- Facilitate direct interaction and discussion between presenters and attendees.
- Encourage networking opportunities and potential collaborations.
- Allow for immediate feedback and constructive criticism from peers.
- Help disseminate new ideas and findings to a broader audience.
- Foster a sense of community and engagement within specific research fields.
ATTENTION POSTER PRESENTERS: Click here to access the Poster Presenter Guidelines
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#1: Cardiovascular Conundrum: Biopsychosocial Considerations and Correlates
Presented by:
· Annica Balentine, PhD Student, Virginia Commonwealth University
· James Burch, PhD, Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University
· Jennifer Weegan, PhD, Research Scientist, Virginia Commonwealth University
Abstract: Introduction: The cardiovascular conundrum (CC) refers to a paradoxical physiological state characterized by elevated heart rate variability (HRV) and elevated total peripheral resistance (TPR) that has been observed in African-Americans (1). Literature suggests that racial discrimination “gets under the skin” of African-Americans through sympathetic activation, leading to TPR elevation. This secondary analysis of a subset of case-control participants assessed biopsychosocial factors associated with the CC to consider if heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) could be an indicated treatment for the CC. Methods: Participants (N = 96) were a subset of a case-control study examining the association between sleep and colorectal adenomas. TPR (measured in units of mmHG*min*m2*L) was calculated as Mean Arterial Pressure divided by the Cardiac Index to ensure comparability across sex and body size. Generalized linear models were used to assess differences in means between participants with the CC phenotype (TPR > 50th percentile and RMSSD > 50) and healthy participants (TPR < 50th percentile and RMSSD > 50), while controlling for adenoma status. Results: Compared to healthy participants (N = 45), phenotype participants (N = 51) had lower cardiac index (healthy: 3.29, phenotype: 1.96, p < 0.0001), lower pulse pressure (healthy: 45.88, phenotype: 32.11, p < 0.0001), lower systolic blood pressure (healthy: 121.84, phenotype: 114.41, p <0.0001), higher diastolic blood pressure (healthy: 75.95, phenotype: 82.29, p <0.0059) and lower parasympathetic index (healthy: 0.161, phenotype: -0.33, p=0.0284). Race and sex were also significantly associated with phenotype (p = 0.0225 and p = 0.0108, respectively). Although not significant, the Everyday Discrimination Scale was higher in phenotype versus healthy participants (healthy: 2.99, phenotype: 3.57, p = 0.3632). Conclusion: This secondary analysis showed statistically significant differences in several biopsychosocial characteristics between phenotype and healthy participants, including lower PNS values, suggesting that HRVB may be a beneficial treatment for the CC phenotype.
References:
Volpe, V. V., Kendall, E. B., Collins, A. N., Graham, M. G., Williams, J. P., & Holochwost, S. J. (2024). Prior exposure to racial discrimination and patterns of acute parasympathetic nervous system responses to a race‐related stress task among Black adults. Psychophysiology, 62(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.14713
Rosati, F., Williams, D. P., Juster, R.-P., Thayer, J. F., Ottaviani, C., & Baiocco, R. (2021). The Cardiovascular Conundrum in Ethnic and Sexual Minorities: A Potential Biomarker of Constant Coping With Discrimination. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.619171
Tanaka, H., Heiss, G., McCabe, E. L., Meyer, M. L., Shah, A. M., Mangion, J. R., Wu, J., Solomon, S. D., & Cheng, S. (2016). Hemodynamic Correlates of Blood Pressure in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 18(12), 1222–1227. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.12898
Carnethon, M. R., Pu, J., Howard, G., Albert, M. A., Anderson, C. A. M., Bertoni, A. G., Mujahid, M. S., Palaniappan, L., Taylor, H. A., Willis, M., & Yancy, C. W. (2017). Cardiovascular Health in African Americans: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 136(21). https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000000534
Hill, L. K., & Thayer, J. F. (2019). The Autonomic Nervous System and Hypertension: Ethnic Differences and Psychosocial Factors. Current Cardiology Reports, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-019-1100-5
Financial Disclosure:
Our presenters have no financial interests to disclose.
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#2: Enhancing Mental Control Under Extreme Stress: Psychophysiological Insights from Big Wave Surfing
Presented by:
· Andrea Carvalho Dias, Master's Sport and Performance Psychology, Saybrook University
· Richard Sherman, Ph.D., BCB, Saybrook University
Abstract: This pilot study is a biomarker-based Investigation of the mindful sport performance enhancement protocol versus heart rate variability biofeedback to enhance performance in high-risk sports.
References:
Beauchamp, M. K., Harvey, R. H., & Beauchamp, P. H. (2012). An Integrated Biofeedback and Psychological Skills Training Program for Canada's Olympic Short-Track Speedskating Team. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 6(1), 67–84. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.6.1.67
Blumenstein, B., & Weinstein, Y. (2011). Biofeedback Training: Enhancing Athletic Performance. Biofeedback (Wheat Ridge, Colo.), 39(3), 101–104. https://doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-39.3.07
Cooke, A., Kavussanu, M., Gallicchio, G., Willoughby, A., McIntyre, D., & Ring, C. (2014). Preparation for action: Psychophysiological activity preceding a motor skill as a function of expertise, performance outcome, and psychological pressure. Psychophysiology, 51(4), 374–384.
Glass, C. R., Spears, C. A., Perskaudas, R., & Kaufman, K. A. (2019). Mindful sport performance enhancement: Randomized controlled trial of a mental training program with collegiate athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 13, 609–628. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2017-0044
Jiménez Morgan, S., & Molina Mora, J. A. (2017). Effect of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback on Sport Performance, a Systematic Review. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 42(3), 235–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-017-9364-2
Financial Disclosure:
Our presenters have no financial interests to disclose.
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#3: The Heart as a Window to the Mind: Real‑Time Detection of Attention and Emotion in Sport
Presented by:
· Andrea Carvalho Dias, Master's in Sport and Performance Psychology, Saybrook University
Abstract: During my dissertation research, I developed a new method and device that records physiological data (heart interbeat interval R-R) and the acceleration and deceleration of the heart during the seconds prior to action, which can help us make predictions about an athlete's direction of attention and the detection of emotional states. The patent-pending US202418749638 20240621, recently received a USPTO notice of allowance.
References:
Ortega, E., & Wang, C. J. K. (2018). Pre-performance physiological state: Heart rate variability as a predictor of shooting performance. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 43(1), 75-85.
Neumann, D. L., & Thomas, P. R. (2011). Cardiac and respiratory activity and golf putting performance under attentional focus instructions. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12(4), 451–459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.02.002
Cooke, A. (2013). Readying the head and steadying the heart: a review of cortical and cardiac studies of preparation for action in sport. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 6(1), 122–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2012.724438
Cottyn, J., De Clercq, D., Crombez, G., & Lenoir, M. (2008). The role of preparatory heart rate deceleration on balance beam performance. Journal of sport and exercise Psychology, 30(2), 159-170.
Porges, S. W., Arnold, W. R., & Forbes, E. J. (1973). Heart rate variability: An index of attentional responsivity in human newborns. Developmental Psychology, 8(1), 85-92. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0033793
Financial Disclosure:
Our presenter has no financial interests to disclose.
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#4: Exploring HRV Reactivity Patterns during a Discrimination Paradigm in African-American Caregiver-adolescent Dyads: A Preliminary investigation
Presented by:
· Laura Boylan, MS, Graduate Student, Virginia Commonwealth University
· DeWayne Williams, PhD, Assistant professor, University of California Irvine
· Fantasy Lozada, PhD, Associate Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University
Abstract: Background: Recent work has highlighted the role of discrimination in racial/ethnic physiologic disparities, particularly in heart rate variability (HRV) reactivity. It has been proposed that minority individuals who have to inhibit their anger in response to discrimination may also have to regulate their emotions more and consequently demonstrate increases in parasympathetic dominate HRV. However, few studies have considered whether these autonomic processes occur for minority youth, and how they may relate to their caregivers regulatory capacity. Method: In the present study, we explored preliminary work investigating patterns of HRV in response to watching a 3 minute video depicting an act of discrimination, in a sample of adolescent-caregiver dyads (N=14; Mage = 11.86; range: 11-14). A vanilla baseline and vanilla recovery period was used in which an aquatic scene was displayed for 3 minutes at both time points. Results: The majority of caregivers (n=10; 71%) and adolescents (n=9; 64%) showed demonstrated vagal augmentation during the discrimination video. On average, children had higher reactivity (i.e., changes in RMSSD from baseline to video condition; M=20.7; SD=13.9) compared to caregivers (M=7.6; SD=8.4). Additionally, 43% of caregivers and 57% of adolescents showed vagal withdrawal during recovery compared to baseline. Conclusion: The descriptive patterns suggest that both parents and adolescents demonstrated HRV augmentation in the presence of discrimination yet parasympathetic withdrawal, indexed by lower RMSSD following the task. This may suggest that discrimination is most detrimental to physiology following attempts to regulate in the moment, possibly due to the necessity for minority youth to suppress anger during unfair treatment experiences.
References:
Thayer, J. F., Carnevali, L., Sgoifo, A., & Williams, D. P. (2020). Angry in America: Psychophysiological Responses to Unfair Treatment. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 54(12), 924–931. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaaa094
Hill, L. K., Hoggard, L. S., Richmond, A. S., Gray, D. L., Williams, D. P., & Thayer, J. F. (2017). Examining the association between perceived discrimination and heart rate variability in African Americans. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 23(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000076
Williams, D. P., Joseph, N., Hill, L. K., Sollers, J. J., Vasey, M. W., Way, B. M., Koenig, J., & Thayer, J. F. (2019). Stereotype threat, trait perseveration, and vagal activity: Evidence for mechanisms underpinning health disparities in Black Americans. Ethnicity & Health, 24(8), 909–926. https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2017.1378803
Volpe, V. V., Kendall, E. B., Collins, A. N., Graham, M. G., Williams, J. P., & Holochwost, S. J. (2025). Prior exposure to racial discrimination and patterns of acute parasympathetic nervous system responses to a race-related stress task among Black adults. Psychophysiology, 62, e14713. https://doi-org.proxy.library.vcu.edu/10.1111/psyp.14713
Williams, D. P., Pourmand, V., Acevedo, A. M., Yim, I. S., & Campos, B. (2025). Discrimination and Heart Rate Variability Responses to Stress in a Diverse Sample of Young Adults. Journal of Psychophysiology, 39(3), 106–115. https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000350
Financial Disclosure:
Our presenters have no financial interests to disclose.
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#5: Sleep, Physical Activity, and Dietary Patterns as Predictors of Heart Rate Variability
Presented by:
· Emma Bird, Undergraduate Researcher, Brigham Young University
· Joseph Hill, Undergraduate Researcher, Brigham Young University
· Ashley Rino, Undergraduate Researcher, Brigham Young University
Abstract: Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the body’s capacity for autonomic regulation and physiological adaptability. Higher HRV is associated with greater resilience, improved cardiovascular functioning, and more effective stress regulation, whereas lower HRV has been linked to impaired autonomic flexibility and poorer health outcomes. Previous research suggests that lifestyle and behavioral factors such as sleep quality, physical activity, and dietary habits may influence HRV. Poor sleep quality has been associated with reduced parasympathetic HRV and impaired autonomic functioning. Similarly, higher levels of physical activity have been linked to increased HRV and improved stress recovery, while dietary patterns and eating behaviors may also influence autonomic regulation. The central question of this study is whether sleep quality, physical activity, and dietary patterns are associated with HRV. A total of 120 undergraduate students at Brigham Young University participated for research credit. Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index – Brief (PSQI), physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and eating behavior using the Mini-Eating Assessment Tool (Mini-EAT). Physiological data, including HRV, were collected during a resting laboratory session using electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring equipment. HRV was operationalized using the log-transformed root mean square of successive differences (log_RMSSD). Regression analyses were conducted to examine whether sleep quality, physical activity, and eating behavior predicted HRV. Results indicated that none of the lifestyle variables significantly predicted HRV in the present sample. However, exploratory effect plots revealed trends consistent with previous literature. Mini-EAT scores showed a slight positive association with HRV, while physical activity showed a small negative trend and sleep quality demonstrated minimal association with HRV. These findings highlight the complexity of the relationship between behavioral health factors and HRV and suggest that larger samples or longitudinal designs may be necessary to detect meaningful effects.
References:
Chalmers, T., Quintana, D. S., Abbott, M. J., and Kemp, A. H. (2022). Associations between sleep quality and heart rate variability: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(9), Article 2419. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092419
Hsu, H. C., Chen, S. H., Yu, H. Y., and Lou, M. F. (2021). Exploring the association between sleep quality and heart rate variability among female nurses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12), Article 6341. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126341
Mamlouk, A. C., Younes, M., Zarrouk, F., Shephard, R., & Bouhlel, E. (2021). Heart rate variability and stress perception: The influence of physical fitness. Science & Sports, 36(4), 276–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2021.02.001
May, R., McBerty, V., Zaky, A., & Gianotti, M. (2017). Vigorous physical activity predicts higher heart rate variability among younger adults. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 36(1), Article 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-017-0140-z
Reginato, E., Azzolina, D., Folino, F., Valentini, R., Bendinelli, C., Gafare, C. E., Cainelli, E., Vedovelli, L., Iliceto, S., Gregori, D., & Lorenzoni, G. (2020). Dietary and lifestyle patterns are associated with heart rate variability. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(4), Article 1121. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9041121
Financial Disclosure:
Our presenters have no financial interests to disclose.
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#6: From Monday Strain to Friday Gain: HRV and Stress in Teachers
Presented by:
· Kathleen Ririe, Clinical Psychology Doctoral Student, Brigham Young University
· Rachel Smith, Undergraduate, Brigham Young University
· Emma Bird, Undergraduate, Brigham Young University
· Annemarie Hilton, Undergraduate, Brigham Young University
· Claire Martin, Undergraduate, Brigham Young University
· Alan Marin, Undergraduate, Brigham Young University
· Griffin Keller, Undergraduate, Brigham Young University
· Bella Brooks, Undergraduate, Brigham Young University
· Mikel Cressman, MS,, Graduate Student, Brigham Young University
· Patrick Steffen, PhD, Faculty Advisor, Brigham Young University
Abstract: Teachers experience high levels of job-related stress and burnout within their profession. Stress is often reflected in physiological markers such as heart rate variability (HRV), which represents the body’s ability to adapt to stress. Teachers’ stress has been observed in both perceived and physiological measures, including reduced mood, increased cortisol levels, and lowered HRV. Previous research has shown that job-related stress differs between workdays and weekends, with higher levels of stress experienced on workdays. Perceived stress may also differ across days of the week, but differences between Mondays and Fridays remain inconclusive. Further research is needed on differences in perceived stress and HRV in teachers across days within the work week. We hypothesize that participants assessed on Fridays will exhibit higher resting heart rate variability (HRV) and lower perceived stress than participants assessed on Mondays. Teachers (n = 90) were recruited from public elementary, middle, and high schools in Utah. Interested teachers completed an eligibility form and were provided with a link to schedule a 20-minute visit. During the visit, researchers administered a questionnaire and collected heart rate variability (HRV) data using a NEXUS-4 biofeedback device, with electrodes placed on the wrist or forearms for a 10-minute period. Participants were part of a larger study where data collection is still ongoing and received additional instructions related to that study following the session. Data will be analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. Teachers’ physiological and psychological stress is expected to vary throughout the week, with the lowest stress levels on Friday compared to earlier weekdays. Understanding the most stressful times of the week would help schools provide better support for teachers in times of high stress which would improve well-being and prevent future burnout.
References:
Wettstein, A., Kühne, F., Tschacher, W., & La Marca, R. (2020). Ambulatory assessment of psychological and physiological stress on workdays and free days among teachers. A preliminary study. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, 112. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00112
Jõgi, A., Aulén, A., Pakarinen, E., & Lerkkanen, M. (2023). Teachers’ daily physiological stress and positive affect in relation to their general occupational well‐being. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(1), 368–385. https://doi-org.byu.idm.oclc.org/10.1111/bjep.12561
Chandola, T., Ling, W., & Rouxel, P. (2025). Are anxious Mondays associated with HPA-axis dysregulation? A longitudinal study of older adults in England. Journal of Affective Disorders, 389, Article 119611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2025.119611
Agyapong, B., Obuobi-Donkor, G., Burback, L., & Wei, Y. (2022). Stress, burnout, anxiety and depression among teachers: A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17), Article 10706. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710706
Newberry, M., & Allsop, Y. (2017). Teacher attrition in the USA: The relational elements in a Utah case study. Teachers and Teaching, 23(8), 863-880. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2017.1358705
Financial Disclosure:
Our presenters have no financial interests to disclose.
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#7: Enhancing Self-Regulation in Fire Service Personnel: Two Case Studies in Biofeedback and Stress Management Training
Presented by:
· Nicole Levine, MA, San Jose State University
· Erik Peper, PhD, San Francisco State University
Abstract: Fire service personnel are routinely exposed to acute and chronic stressors that may negatively affect cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and psychological health. This poster presents two case studies examining the effects of a six-month stress management education and training program in members of the fire service. Case 1 involved a 39-year-old male with 12 years of seasonal wildland fire experience and 4 years of full-time urban fire service, who self-reported borderline hypercholesterolemia and chronic low back pain. The intervention included biofeedback training, stretching, progressive muscle relaxation, and breath work. Post-intervention data indicated improved ability to maintain resonant frequency breathing under stress. The participant also reported enhanced subjective well-being and an increased sense of calm following the program. Case 2 involved a 37-year-old male with 2.5 years of wildland and 13 years of urban fire service experience, who self-reported borderline hypertension, sleep disturbances, and frequent flushing. Following the six-month intervention, resting sympathetic arousal decreased; however, the participant initially experienced difficulty sustaining autonomic regulation during paced breathing and heart rate variability training (HRV) biofeedback. To address this, mindfulness training and guided imagery were introduced to reduce cognitive effort and mental distraction. Subsequent improvements in autonomic control were observed, although mastery was not achieved within the intervention period. These findings suggest that biofeedback-assisted stress management interventions may enhance autonomic regulation and perceived well-being in fire service personnel. The results support the need for larger, controlled studies to further evaluate feasibility, efficacy, and long-term outcomes in this high-stress occupational population.
References:
Yook, Y.S. (2019). Firefighters’ occupational stress and its correlations with cardiorespiratory fitness, arterial stiffness, heart rate variability, and sleep quality. PLOS ONE, 14(12): e0226739. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226739
Choudhury, N. A., Bush, K., & Saravanan, P. (2025). Firefighter Stressors: A Systematic Review on Individual, Occupational, and Environmental Stressors. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 69(1), 1608–1615. https://doi.org/10.1177/10711813251357882
Peper, E., Oded, Y., & Harvey, R. (2024). Quick somatic rescue techniques when stressed. Biofeedback, 52(1), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.5298/982312
Jones, M., Tan, E., Woo, J., Bui, E., Wong, R., Fotheringham, A., Schutte, A., & Parmenter, B. (2026). Acute blood pressure responses to plank and wall sit isometric exercise in adults. Journal of Hypertension, 44(2), 288-294. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000004191
Pruneti, C., Fiduccia, A., & Guidotti, S. (2024). Top-Level Managers’ Psychophysical Recovery Investigated Through Different Psychophysiological Parameters Benefits From Training Based on Muscle Relaxation and Self-monitoring of HRV-Biofeedback. NeuroRegulation, 11(1), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.15540/nr.11.1.43
Financial Disclosure:
Our presenters have no financial interests to disclose.
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#8: Heart Rate Variability Skills Training for Rehabilitation (HRV STAR): A Feasibility Pilot Study
Presented by:
· Jennifer Weggen, PhD, Research Scientist, Dept. of Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University
· Raouf Gharbo, DO, Associate Professor, Director of Autonomic Rehabilitation, Dept. of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University
· Benjamin Ginsberg, MS, Clinical Research Assistant, Dept. of Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University
· Meghan Varner, PT, DPT, HRVB Intervetionist, Integrative Nutrition Health Coach/Guide2Reslience
· Sahil Nash, CCRP, MD, MBA, Clinical Research Coordinator, Dept. of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University
· Laura Boylan, MS; Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
· Annica Ballentine, MPH, Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University
· Madison Maxwell, BS, Senior Clinical Research Coordinator, Dept. of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University
· Thomas Chelimsky, MD, Professor, Dept. of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University
· Patricia Kinser, PhD, WHNP-BC, RN, FAAN; Interim Dean, Judith B. Collins and Joseph M. Teefey Distinguished Professor, School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University
· Bryce D. McLeod, PhD; Professor, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
· Gisela Chelimsky, MD. Professor, Pediatric Gastroenterology Chief/Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University
· James B. Burch, MS, PhD, Professor/Department of Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University
Abstract: Background: Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) supports autonomic regulation, which has important implications for the wide array of disorders involving cardiovagal withdrawal. However, its integration into routine care is often hindered by training and workflow constraints. The HRV Skills Training for Autonomic Rehabilitation (HRV STAR) Program is a structured, clinician training model developed to facilitate HRVB implementation within existing clinical settings. Objective: This mixed-methods study evaluated clinician perceptions of training acceptability, preparedness, and the feasibility of integrating HRV-based self-regulation into clinical practice. Methods: Ten clinicians from diverse rehabilitation and mental health disciplines completed a core 4-session HRV STAR curriculum, with two optional sessions provided for additional support. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed via post-training Likert-scale surveys and inductive thematic analysis of qualitative feedback. Results: Based on a 5-point scale, clinicians reported high confidence in guiding patients through HRVB (M = 4.4, SD = 0.5) and using nocturnal HRV (N-HRV) data for recovery planning (M = 4.2, SD = 0.4). Qualitative themes highlighted the value of a supportive, multi-instructor environment and hands-on practice. Areas for improvement included the delivery of the "intermediate to advanced" concepts, the timing of hands-on training, and the integration of technical troubleshooting. Conclusions: The HRV STAR model is a feasible and well-received framework for interprofessional autonomic training. To optimize clinical mastery and reduce cognitive load, future iterations should prioritize scaffolded, flipped classroom pre-work, adequate technical support, and mandatory personal immersion to ensure technical proficiency. These findings provide a foundation for evaluating longitudinal clinician uptake and patient-level outcomes. Abbreviations: HRV: Heart Rate Variability; HRVB: Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback; N-HRV: Nocturnal Heart Rate Variability; HRV STAR: Heart Rate Variability Skills Training for Rehabilitation.
References:
Coffman, S., Iommi, M., & Morrow, K. (2023). Scaffolding as active learning in nursing education. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 18(1), 232–237. https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2022.09.012
Gharbo, R. S. (2020). Autonomic rehabilitation: Adapting to change. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 31(4), 633–648. https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2020.07.003
Lehrer, P., Kaur, K., Sharma, A., Shah, K., Huseby, R., Bhavsar, J., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Heart rate variability biofeedback improves emotional and physical health and performance: A systematic review and meta analysis. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 45(3), 109–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-020-09466-z
Masava, B., Nyoni, C. N., & Botma, Y. (2022). Scaffolding in health sciences education programmes: An integrative review. Medical Science Educator, 33(1), 255–273.
Wijnen-Meijer, M., Brandhuber, T., Schneider, A., & Berberat, P. O. (2022). Implementing Kolb’s experiential learning cycle by linking real experience, case-based discussion and simulation. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 9, 23821205221091511. https://doi.org/10.1177/23821205221091511
Financial Disclosure:
Our presenters have no financial interests to disclose.
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#9: The Learning Curve of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback in Patients with Depressive Disorder
Presented by:
· Yi-Yu, Chiang, Master, student/Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University
· I-Mei Lin, Ph.d, professor/Kaohsiung Medical University
Abstract: Purpose: Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) has been used to regulate the autonomic nervous system functioning and enhance vagal tone in patients with depressive disorder. This study aimed to investigate: (1) changes in the HRV indices following HRVB training, and (2) the learning curve associated with HRVB training in patients with depressive disorder. Methods: Thirty-five participants with depressive disorder completed an HRVB training protocol, which included 60-minute sessions conducted twice a week for five weeks. Lead II electrocardiogram (ECG) data were collected during the pre-test resting, post-test resting, and post-test transfer stages. The ECG data were converted into HRV indices, including the standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), the root mean square of the successive difference (RMSSD), low-frequency power (LF), and high-frequency power (HF). Results: Compared with the pre-test resting stage, participants had significantly higher SDNN, RMSSD, LF, and HF during the post-test resting stage (F = 50.045, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.595; F = 44.655, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.568; F = 25.989, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.433; F = 25.853, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.432). Significant higher SDNN and LF were observed during the post-test transfer stage from week 2 to week 5 compared with those at week 1. Conclusion: The findings indicated that vagal activity, baroreflex gain, and overall HRV increased after the first week of HRVB training and were maintained until the end of intervention, and a learning curve was observed in participants with depressive disorder.
References:
Yoo, H. J., Nashiro, K., Min, J., Cho, C., Mercer, N., Bachman, S. L., ... & Mather, M. (2023). Multimodal neuroimaging data from a 5-week heart rate variability biofeedback randomized clinical trial. Scientific Data, 10(1), 503.
Yoo, H. J., Nashiro, K., Min, J., Cho, C., Bachman, S. L., Nasseri, P., ... & Mather, M. (2022). Heart rate variability (HRV) changes and cortical volume changes in a randomized trial of five weeks of daily HRV biofeedback in younger and older adults. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 181, 50-63.
Caldwell, Y. T., & Steffen, P. R. (2018). Adding HRV biofeedback to psychotherapy increases heart rate variability and improves the treatment of major depressive disorder. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 131, 96-101.
Lin, I. M., Fan, S. Y., Yen, C. F., Yeh, Y. C., Tang, T. C., Huang, M. F., ... & Tsai, Y. C. (2019). Heart rate variability biofeedback increased autonomic activation and improved symptoms of depression and insomnia among patients with major depression disorder. Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience, 17(2), 222.
Lin, I. M., Chen, T. C., Tsai, H. Y., & Fan, S. Y. (2023). Four sessions of combining wearable devices and heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback are needed to increase HRV indices and decrease breathing rates. Applied Psychophysiology and biofeedback, 48(1), 83-95.
Financial Disclosure:
Our presenters have no financial interests to disclose.
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#10: High-Frequency Activity in the Cingulate Cortex in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Current Source Density Analysis
Presented by:
· Yi-Ting Lyu, Master's Student, Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University
· I-Mei Lin, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University
Abstract: Background: Previous neuroimaging and electroencephalography (EEG) studies have demonstrated that the cingulate cortex plays an important role in emotional regulation in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study utilized a current source density (CSD) analysis and compare the activity in the cingulate gyrus between MDD and healthy controls (HC). Methods: A total of 197 participants with MDD and 193 healthy controls (HC) were included in the analysis. Five minutes eye-closed EEG recordings were analyzed using the standardized weighted low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (swLORETA), and CSD values were calculated for the delta, theta, alpha, beta, and high-beta frequency brands. Multivariate Analysis of Variance was conducted to compare mean CSD activity within the cingulate cortex between the MDD and HC groups, included the anterior cingulate cortex (dorsal [dACC], ventral [vACC], pregenual [pgACC], and subgenual [sgACC]) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Results: The MDD group exhibited lower delta CSD in the dACC, vACC, pgACC, and PCC; lower theta in the dACC、vACC, and pgACC; as well as higher beta and high-beta CSD in dACC, vACC, pgACC, sgACC, and PCC compared to the HC group. There was no significant difference in alpha CSD in the cingulate cortex between the MDD and HC groups. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of regional- and frequency-specific cingulate dysfunction in patients MDD. Neurofeedback protocol targeting in the cingulate cortex may represent a potential invention for modulating cingulate cortex in patients with MDD.
References:
Lin, I. M., Yu, H. E., Yeh, Y. C., Huang, M. F., Wu, K. T., Ke, C. L. K., Lin, P. Y. & Yen, C. F. (2021). Prefrontal lobe and posterior cingulate cortex activations in patients with major depressive disorder by using standardized weighted low-resolution electromagnetic tomography. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 11(11), 1054.
Koo, P. C., Thome, J., Berger, C., Foley, P., & Hoeppner, J. (2017). Current source density analysis of resting state EEG in depression: a review. Journal of Neural Transmission, 124(Suppl 1), 109-118.
Youh, J., Hong, J. S., Han, D. H., Chung, U. S., Min, K. J., Lee, Y. S., & Kim, S. M. (2017). Comparison of electroencephalography (EEG) coherence between major depressive disorder (MDD) without comorbidity and MDD comorbid with Internet gaming disorder. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 32(7), 1160-1165.
Helm, K., Viol, K., Weiger, T. M., Tass, P. A., Grefkes, C., Del Monte, D., & Schiepek, G. (2018). Neuronal connectivity in major depressive disorder: a systematic review. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2715-2737.
Zhang, B., Yan, G., Yang, Z., Su, Y., Wang, J., & Lei, T. (2020). Brain functional networks based on resting-state EEG data for major depressive disorder analysis and classification. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 29, 215-229.
Financial Disclosure:
Our presenters have no financial interests to disclose.
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#11: Heart Wise: HRV Biofeedback Intervention for Teens with Congenital Heart Disease
Presented by:
· Nicholas P. Seivert, PhD, Psychologist/Assistant Professor, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia/University of Pennsylvania
· Kathryn M. Dodds, DNP, CRNP, Nurse Practitioner, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
· Jack Rychik, MD, Cardiologist, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Abstract: Anxiety and depression are common in teens with single ventricle (SV) congenital heart disease (CHD). The efficacy of standard treatments, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, in this group are unknown. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction is often observed in SV CHD, possibly due to congenital abnormalities and sequelae from the routine three-stage cardiac surgical palliation they undergo in early childhood. Generally, people with anxiety/depression have an increased risk for ANS dysfunction; there is some evidence to show that in SV CHD, greater ANS dysfunction is linked to anxiety/depression symptoms. HRV biofeedback treatment may be uniquely suited to treat anxiety/depression in this group given it targets ANS regulation. This abstract describes a proposal to pilot test a HRV biofeedback intervention Heart Wise for adolescents with SV CHD and anxiety/depression. The focus of the project is to assess feasibility and gather preliminary evidence for intervention efficacy. Participants will be teens with SV CHD and anxiety/depression, recruited from a cardiology clinic at an academic children’s hospital. The study will involve a therapist led 5-session intervention using select technology and content developed by HeartMath. Pre- and post-assessments will include scales of anxiety (State–Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety) and depression (PROMIS). Baseline and post-treatment HRV will be assessed with LF ratio as the primary outcome during two tasks: a) 2-minute rest period, and b) 4-minute iPad administered cognitive flexibility test (NIH Toolbox Dimensional Change Card Sort). Sessions will include HeartMath educational content (e.g., Basics of Heart Coherence, Depletion to Renewal Plan) and practice of HeartMath techniques: Quick Coherence, Heart Lock-in, Freeze Frame, and Attitude Breathing. Participants will be provided with InnerBalance device and HeartMath app for home practice between sessions, minimum three times weekly for 5-10 minutes. Using pilot data, the intervention will be modified/optimized for a randomized-controlled trial to test its efficacy.
References:
DeMaso, D. R., Calderon, J., Taylor, G. A., Holland, J. E., Stopp, C., White, M. T., ... & Newburger, J. W. (2017). Psychiatric disorders in adolescents with single ventricle congenital heart disease. Pediatrics, 139(3), e20162241.
Paniccia, M., Paniccia, D., Thomas, S., Taha, T., & Reed, N. (2017). Clinical and non-clinical depression and anxiety in young people: A scoping review on heart rate variability. Autonomic Neuroscience, 208, 1-14.
Rychik, J., Atz, A. M., Celermajer, D. S., Deal, B. J., Gatzoulis, M. A., Gewillig, M. H., ... & American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young and Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing. (2019). Evaluation and management of the child and adult with Fontan circulation: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 140(6), e234-e284.
Seivert, N. P., Dodds, K. M., Demianczyk, A., Goldberg, D. J., & Rychik, J. (2025). Promoting emotional & behavioral health for pediatric patients with Fontan circulation: integrating psychology into a dedicated multidisciplinary clinic. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 12, 1623352.
Seivert, N. P., Dodds, K. M., O’Malley, S., Goldberg, D. J., Paridon, S., McBride, M., & Rychik, J. (2025). Associations between exercise capacity and psychological functioning in children and adolescents with Fontan circulation. Pediatric Cardiology, 46(8), 2482-2488.
Financial Disclosure:
Our presenters have no financial interests to disclose.
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#12: Autonomic Stress Reactivity and Workplace Relationships Shape Work Gratification: Toward Interpersonal Biofeedback
Presented by:
· Alice Fiduccia, MSc, Clinical Psychologist, PhD Candidate in Molecular Medicine, University of Parma
· Steven BFC, MFT, BFC, MFT, Biofeedback and Family Therapy Center, Santa Clarita, CA, USA
· Rosanna, Sanseverino, MSc, PhD candidate
· Sara Guidotti, PhD, University of Parma
· Roberto Bardini, MSc, Trancerie Emiliane
· Carlo Pruneti, PhD University of Parma
Abstract: Background Work-related stress contributes to burnout and reduced occupational well-being. Psychophysiological models emphasize the role of autonomic nervous system regulation in stress adaptation. Heart rate variability (HRV) is widely used as a non-invasive marker of autonomic flexibility and self-regulatory capacity and represents a key measure in psychophysiological research and biofeedback interventions. Interpersonal dynamics may also influence how individuals experience occupational stress. However, few studies have examined the combined role of autonomic stress reactivity and workplace relational factors in relation to work-related well-being. The present study investigated whether autonomic stress reactivity and the quality of relationships with colleagues are associated with work gratification and discusses implications for interpersonal biofeedback interventions in workplace settings. Methods Participants included 50 workers employed at Trancerie Emiliane, an Italian metalworking manufacturing company. Work gratification was assessed using the Personal Accomplishment dimension of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Workplace relationships were investigated through the anamnestic section of the Cognitive Behavioral Assessment (CBA). Autonomic stress reactivity was measured through a standardized psychophysiological profile using Biograph Infinity (Thought Technology). HRV reactivity was defined as the change in high-frequency HRV (ΔHF) between baseline and stress conditions, controlling for age, gender, smoking status, and physical activity (Laborde, 2018). Linear regression and one-way ANOVA were conducted. Results Higher autonomic stress reactivity significantly predicted lower work gratification (β = −1.60, p = .013). ANOVA revealed significant differences in work gratification across levels of perceived relationships with colleagues (F(2,47) = 3.28, p = .046), with higher gratification among workers reporting better interpersonal relationships. Conclusions Autonomic stress reactivity and workplace relationships are both associated with work gratification. These findings support integrating psychophysiological and relational factors in occupational stress research and highlight the potential of HRV biofeedback and interpersonal biofeedback interventions to promote physiological co-regulation and resilience within workplace teams.
References:
Laborde, S., Mosley, E., & Thayer, J. F. (2017). Heart Rate Variability and Cardiac Vagal Tone in Psychophysiological Research - Recommendations for Experiment Planning, Data Analysis, and Data Reporting. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 213. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00213
Laborde, S., Allen, M. S., Borges, U., Dosseville, F., Hosang, T. J., Iskra, M., Mosley, E., Salvotti, C., Spolverato, L., Zammit, N., & Javelle, F. (2022). Effects of voluntary slow breathing on heart rate and heart rate variability: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 138, 104711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104711
Pruneti, C., Fiduccia, A., & Guidotti, S. (2024). Top-Level Managers' Psychophysical Recovery Investigated Through Different Psychophysiological Parameters Benefits from Training Based on Muscle Relaxation and Self-monitoring of HRV-Biofeedback. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 11(1), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.15540/nr.11.1.43
Blase, K., Vermetten, E., Lehrer, P., & Gevirtz, R. (2021). Neurophysiological Approach by Self-Control of Your Stress-Related Autonomic Nervous System with Depression, Stress and Anxiety Patients. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(7), 3329. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073329
Shaffer, F., & Meehan, Z. M. (2022). An Undergraduate Program with Heart: Thirty Years of Truman HRV Research. Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback, 47(4), 317–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-022-09543-5
Financial Disclosure:
Our presenters have no financial interests to disclose.
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#13: Interoception, Anxiety, and Cognitive Biotypes Shape Performance Evaluation
Presented by:
· Jenny Tu, MPH, University of Maryland Institute for Health Computing
· Golshan Kargosha, MS, D-Prime LLC
· Murat Kucukosmanoglu, PhD, D-Prime LLC
· Quang Dang, MS, University of Maryland, Baltimore County
· Justin Brooks, MD, PhD, University of Maryland, Baltimore County
Abstract: Interoceptive cues have been linked to task execution under physiological demand, yet their role in performance judgment remains unclear. Under anxiety or dysregulated autonomic states, bodily sensations may be misinterpreted as signs of poor performance, creating discrepancies between objective outcomes and self-evaluation. Examining this discrepancy across cognitive biotypes offers insight into how interoception and state anxiety jointly influence performance perception. Participants completed cognitive tasks across two sessions while physiologic workload was measured. Unsupervised clustering of standardized workload and task performance identified three stable biotypes that resembled autonomic regulatory patterns described in Polyvagal Theory: Biotype 1 (low workload/high performance), Biotype 2 (high-workload/high performance), and Biotype 3 (low-to-average workload/low performance). We indexed performance appraisal bias as the discrepancy between perceived task success and objective accuracy. Higher Body Listening scores on the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) were associated with more positive self-evaluations in Biotype 1, but this relationship was less consistent in Biotypes 2 and 3, suggesting anxiety may differentially moderate the link between Body Listening and appraisal bias across autonomic profiles. In a linear mixed-effects model, Body Listening positively predicted performance discrepancy (β = 0.16, p = .045), whereas state anxiety demonstrated a negative main effect (β = −0.17, p = .037). These findings suggest that interoceptive signals interact with cognitive-autonomic regulatory profiles to shape performance appraisal bias under anxiety. Biotype 1 was more resilient to anxiety-related distortions in self-evaluation, whereas Biotypes 2 and 3 showed increased coupling between Body Listening and appraisal bias as anxiety increases. These results highlight the value of biotype-informed approaches for understanding mind-body processes and point toward discrepancy-based biofeedback as a potential performance support strategy.
References:
Nord, C. L., & Garfinkel, S. N. (2022). Interoceptive pathways to understand and treat mental health conditions. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 26(6), 499–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2022.03.004
Khalsa, S. S., Adolphs, R., Cameron, O. G., Critchley, H. D., Davenport, P. W., Feinstein, J. S., Feusner, J. D., Garfinkel, S. N., Lane, R. D., Mehling, W. E., Meuret, A. E., Nemeroff, C. B., Oppenheimer, S., Petzschner, F. H., Pollatos, O., Rhudy, J. L., Schramm, L. P., Simmons, W. K., Stein, M. B., Stephan, K. E., … Interoception Summit 2016 participants (2018). Interoception and Mental Health: A Roadmap. Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging, 3(6), 501–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.12.004
Seabury, T., Benton, D., & Young, H. A. (2023). Interoceptive differences in elite sprint and long-distance runners: A multidimensional investigation. PloS one, 18(1), e0278067. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278067
Tanaka, Y., Terasawa, Y., & Umeda, S. (2021). Effects of interoceptive accuracy in autonomic responses to external stimuli based on cardiac rhythm. PLoS ONE, 16(8), e0256914. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256914
Porges S. W. (2025). Polyvagal Theory: Current Status, Clinical Applications, and Future Directions. Clinical neuropsychiatry, 22(3), 169–184. https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250301
Financial Disclosure:
Our presenters have no financial interests to disclose.
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#14: Slow-Paced Contraction Increases HRV But Not Peripheral Blood Flow
POSTER CITATION WINNER - Biofeedback
Presented by:
· Emma Suchland, Bachelor's candidate, Truman State University
Abstract: Slow-paced contraction (SPC) of the wrists, core, and ankles is hypothesized to enhance heart rate variability (HRV) independent of respiratory arrhythmia. We systematically replicated Meehan and Shaffer’s (2023) randomized controlled trial, adding hand temperature and temporal artery blood volume pulse (BVP) amplitude to determine whether SPC amplifies the baroreflex modulation of vascular tone. We randomly assigned healthy undergraduates (15 men and 12 women, mean age 19.8 years) to a counterbalanced sequence of three 3-min SPC conditions: 3, 6, a contractions per min (cpm). We separated these trials by 3-minute buffer periods to minimize carryover. We instructed participants to contract their muscles at the designated pacing frequencies while allowing spontaneous breathing. A Thought Technology ProComp Infiniti™ system monitored ECG, BVP amplitude, and respiration. We provided participants with auditory prompts to contract their muscles for 3 s to reinforce BioGraph Infiniti™ visual pacing display and confirmed their compliance. We confirmed equivalent breathing rates during 3, 6, and 12 cpm using an abdominal respirometer. We used a Box-Cox or Yeo-Johnson transformation when the data did not meet the parametric test assumptions of normality and symmetry. We used the Shapiro-Wilk test and skewness statistic to determine whether to analyze these data with planned comparisons or a Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test with corrections for Type 1 error. SPC did not produce greater hand temperature or temporal amplitude at 3 cpm than at 6 or 12 cpm. The 6 cpm condition significantly maximized low-frequency (LF) power, the LF/HF ratio, and total (triangular index), mirroring the resonance effects typically observed in 6-bpm-paced breathing. The 3 cpm condition maximized very low (VLF) power and systolic blood pressure. Both slow-paced conditions (3 and 6 cpm) produced higher parasympathetic markers (RMSSD, pNN50) than the 12 cpm condition (p < 0.05). These findings confirm SPC as an alternative or complementary HRV training method to slow-paced while also highlighting its limitations.
References:
Kim, H. J. (2021). Metabolic acidosis in chronic kidney disease: Pathogenesis, clinical conseand treatment. Electrolyte & Blood Pressure: E & BP, 19(2), 29–37.https://doi.org/10.5049/EBP.2021.19.2.29
Lehrer, P., Kaur, K., Sharma, A., Shah, K., Huseby, R., Bhavsar, J., Sgobba, P., & Zhang, Y. (2rate variability biofeedback improves emotional and physical health and performance: A syreview and meta-analysis. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 45, 109-129.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-020-09466-z
Meehan, Z. M., & Shaffer, F. (2023). Adding core muscle contraction to wrist-ankle rhythmicmuscle tension increases respiratory sinus arrhythmia and low-frequency power. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback.
Shaffer, F., & Ginsberg, J. P. (2017). An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms in Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00258
Shaffer, F., Moss, D., & Meehan, Z. M. (2022). Rhythmic skeletal muscle tension increases hvariability at 1 and 6 contractions per minute. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-022-09541-7
Financial Disclosure:
Our presenter has no financial interests to disclose.
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#15: Can Muscle Compression Influence Heart Rate Variability (HRV)?
Presented by:
· Jennette Kilgrow, MS, RDN, Brigham Young University
· Patrick Steffen, PhD, Brigham Young University
· TJ Bass, MS, Brigham Young University
· Brett Mortensen, PhD, Brigham Young University
· Michael J Larson, PhD, Brigham Young University
· Thomas Baldwin, Undergraduate/graduate research assistant, Brigham Young University
· Bethany Hartwell, Undergraduate/graduate research assistant, Brigham Young University
· Anna Wheeler, Undergraduate/graduate research assistant, Brigham Young University
· Eliza Young, Undergraduate/graduate research assistant, Brigham Young University
Abstract: Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) mimics muscle contractions by inflating/deflating air chambers around limbs. Studies have shown medical benefits of IPC through enhanced lymphatic draining and venous return; however, other measures such as muscular output, blood markers, and cardiovascular measures are inconsistent. We hypothesized that benefits of IPC could at least partially be explained by modulation of the autonomic nervous system through muscle compression. Thus, the current study aimed to test the effects of IPC on ANS function as measured by heart rate variability (HRV). Data from 101 participants (mean age: 21.94 +/- 3.5 years; 58 Female) were analyzed before, during, and after IPC. Sessions consisted of a 10-min baseline period, 20-min IPC application period, and a 20-min recovery period. For HRV analyses, 5-min samples were taken from the baseline period (PRE), IPC period (MID), immediately following IPC (POST), and near the end of the recovery period (REC). Participants completed validated surveys, including Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) assessing subjective mood, stress, soreness, fatigue, pain, and leg soreness. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with time as a within-subject factor. SDNN significantly decreased from PRE to MID and significantly increased during POST and REC relative to PRE (F(3,300) = 9.571, p <0.001, ηp2 = 0.087). HRV high frequency band (HF) significantly increased from MID to POST and returned to baseline after POST (F(3,300) = 2.654, p = 0.049, ηp2 = 0.026). Stress and soreness significantly decreased from PRE to MID and stayed decreased in POST (F(2,180) = 49.532, p <0.001, ηp2 = 0.355; F(2,184) = 24.925, p <0.001, ηp2 = 0.213). Mood significantly increased from PRE to MID and returned to baseline at POST (F(2,196) = 6.452, p = 0.002, ηp2 = 0.062). IPC showed significant benefit to both HRV and subjective assessment, suggesting that IPC-related muscle compression may modulate HRV.
References:
Desai, S. S., & Shao, M. (2020). Superior Clinical, Quality of Life, Functional, and Health Economic Outcomes with Pneumatic Compression Therapy for Lymphedema. Annals of Vascular Surgery, 63, 298–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2019.08.091
Draper, S. N., Kullman, E. L., Sparks, K. E., Little, K., & Thoman, J. (2020). Effects of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) in Long Distance Runners. International Journal of Exercise Science, 13(2), 75–86. https://doi.org/10.70252/HSPN3402
Gibbons, T. D., Zuj, K. A., Prince, C. N., Kingston, D. C., Peterson, S. D., & Hughson, R. L. (2019). Haemodynamic and cerebrovascular effects of intermittent lower-leg compression as countermeasure to orthostatic stress. Experimental Physiology, 104(12), 1790–1800. https://doi.org/10.1113/EP088077
Heapy, A. M., Hoffman ,Martin D., Verhagen ,Heidie H., Thompson ,Samuel W., Dhamija ,Pavitra, Sandford ,Fiona J., & and Cooper, M. C. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of manual therapy and pneumatic compression for recovery from prolonged running – an extended study. Research in Sports Medicine, 26(3), 354–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2018.1447469
Maia, F., Machado, M. V. B., Silva, G., Nakamura, F. Y., & Ribeiro, J. (2024). Hemodynamic Effects of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression on Athletes: A Double-Blinded Randomized Crossover Study. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 19(9), 932–938. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0017
Financial Disclosure:
Our presenters have no financial interests to disclose.
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#16: Neurocognitive Training to Enhance Attention and Focus for Athletic Performance of Collegiate Athletes
Presented by:
· Emily Seaman, MEd, CMPC, Mental Performance Coach/Temple University
· Stephany Coakley, PhD, LPC, CMPC, Senior Associate Athletic Director for Mental Health, Wellness, and Performance/Temple University
· Elizabeth Taylor, PhD, Associate Professor, Temple University
· Terilyn C. Shigeno, PhD, CMPC, Associate Professor, Adler University
Abstract: College student-athletes must juggle intense physical training, rigorous academic demands, and the psychological pressures of competition (Hufton et al., 2024). Despite clear evidence that mental skills such as sustained attention, stress regulation, and decision making are as critical to peak performance as physical conditioning, most athletic programs lack systematic, data-driven development of these capabilities (Kittler et al., 2022). Traditional “mental toughness” workshops are often sporadic and rely heavily on self-report, leaving student-athletes vulnerable to distractions, performance anxiety, and cognitive fatigue that degrade performance consistency and recovery, ultimately limiting both individual potential and team success. This study investigates the impact of Mendi neurofeedback training on prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity and stress regulation. Neurofeedback provides real-time physiological feedback that supports self-regulation training beyond introspective strategies. Research on combined mindfulness and biofeedback suggests that integrating mindfulness skills with physiological feedback enhances internal awareness of physiological states and supports attentional control, memory, and emotion regulation, mechanisms critical to cognitive performance under stress (Inna Khazan, 2019). Participants from a Division I institution will be assigned to one of three conditions: two experimental groups and one control group. Experimental participants will engage daily with the Mendi fNIRS neurofeedback device for 10–15 minutes, five days per week, over a six-week period. During training, participants will complete sustained attention, response inhibition, and working memory tasks within the Mendi app, providing visual feedback that reflects changes in PFC activation. This feedback is designed to train sustained concentration and adaptive cognitive control. Participants will complete pre-, mid-, and post-intervention surveys, a usability assessment, and a post-intervention focus group. At the conclusion of the intervention period, data analysis will be conducted to determine the effects of cognitive training using Mendi. If effective, this intervention could provide an evidence-based tool to support consistent high-level performances across academic, athletic, and psychological domains.
References:
Hufton, J. R., Vella, S. A., Goddard, S. G., & Schweickle, M. J. (2024). How do athletes perform well under pressure? A meta-study. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2024.2414442
Boere, K., Hecker, K., & Krigolson, O. E. (2024). Validation of a mobile fNIRS device for measuring working memory load in the prefrontal cortex. International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 195, 112275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.112275
Kittler, Christoph & Arnold, Manuel & Jekauc, Darko. (2022). Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Sustained and Selective Attention in Young Top-Level Athletes in a School Training Setting: A Randomized Control Trial Study. Sport Psychologist. 1-12. 10.1123/tsp.2021-0053.
Khazan, Inna. (2019). A Guide to Normal Values for Biofeedback. Biofeedback, 47(1), 2–5. https://doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-47.1.03
Xia, M., Xu, P., Yang, Y., Jiang, W., Wang, Z., Gu, X., Yang, M., Li, D., Li, S., Dong, G., Wang, L., & Wang, D. (2020). Frontoparietal Connectivity Neurofeedback Training for Promotion of Working Memory: An fNIRS Study in Healthy Male Participants. IEEE Access, 9, 62316-62331.
Financial Disclosure:
Our presenters have no financial interests to disclose.
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#17: Interoceptive Breathing Enhances Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia and Baroreflex Sensitivity
Presented by:
Masahito Sakakibara, Ph.D. BCB, Aichi Gakuin University
Abstract: Abstract: Slow abdominal breathing (Tanden breathing) practiced during Zen meditation increases heart rate variability (HRV). However, the autonomic mechanisms underlying this breathing technique remain unclear. Approximately 260 years ago, the Zen master Hakuin described the health benefits of Tanden breathing, emphasizing attention not only to the Tanden (abdomen) but also to bodily sensations throughout the body. Based on these traditional teachings, I developed "Interoceptive Breathing" (IB), a slow abdominal breathing technique that involves passive attention to bodily sensations. This study examined the effects of IB on HRV and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and compared IB with paced breathing at an individual resonance frequency used in HRV biofeedback. Students aged 20 to 40 years (N = 20) participated. After determining each participant's resonance frequency, participants performed 5 min of paced breathing at that frequency while the electrocardiogram, respiration, and continuous noninvasive blood pressure were recorded. Participants then completed both the IB and control conditions in a counterbalanced order. During each condition, physiological indices during a 5-min baseline period followed by two consecutive 5-min sessions were measured. In the IB condition, participants performed slow abdominal breathing while counting their breath with passive attention to bodily sensations. In the control condition, participants counted their breaths without intentionally slowing their breathing. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA; magnitude of HRV associated with respiration, ms) and BRS (square root of the ratio of R–R interval to systolic blood pressure spectral power in the low-frequency band, ms/mmHg) were calculated for each recording period. RSA and BRS increased significantly only during the IB condition. Furthermore, the increase in RSA during IB did not differ from that observed during paced breathing at the resonance frequency. These findings suggest that IB enhances autonomic function to a degree comparable to resonance-frequency paced breathing.
References:
Sakakibara, M. (2022). Evaluation of heart rate variability and application of heart rate variability biofeedback: Toward further research on slow-paced abdominal breathing in Zen meditation. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 47, 346-356. DOI: 10.1007/s10484-022-09546-2.
Fujimoto, D., & Sakakibara, M. (2025). Feasibility of the heaviness perception test as an assessment of interoception. Biopsychosocial Medicine, 19(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s13030-025-00343-x. PMID: 41174759; PMCID: PMC12577072.
Kuwashima, R., Sakakibara, M., & Yoshikawa, Y.（2021）．Dohsa-hou relaxation enhances cardiac parasympathetic activity assessed by analysis of heart rate variability. Japanese Psychological Research. doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12364
Oikawa, L.O., Hirota, A., Uratani, H., & Sakakibara, M.（2021）．History and recent advances of the Japanese Society of Biofeedback Research. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 46, 309–318.
Sakakibara, M., Kaneda, M. & Oikawa, L.O.（2020）．Efficacy of paced breathing at the low-frequency peak on heart rate variability and baroreflex．Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 45(1), 31-37.
Financial Disclosure:
Our presenter has no financial interests to disclose.
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#18: QEEG Ratios in Professional Ballet Dancers
Presented by:
· Aharon Shulimson, PhD, MSCP, Psychologist
· Brenda Welch, Biomedical Engineering Student, University of Utah
· Julie Terry Shulimson, QEEG technician
Abstract: An elevated theta/beta ratio was originally thought to be an indicator of cortical under-arousal and predictor of ADHD. It is now believed to have lost its predictive ability, but may reflect impaired executive functioning. High theta/alpha and delta/alpha EEG ratios are considered to be correlates of cognitive impairment. We recorded the eyes open EEG of 47 Ballet West dancers. Their T/B ratios at Cz and T/A and D/A ratios at F3 and Fz and F4 were calculated. Our hypothesis was that there would be no group-wide abnormal ratio findings, given the level of cognitive functioning required to be a Ballet West dancer. Ratio data were computed for three groups: All-dancer ranks (training company through principal), principal dancers only, and all ranks without the principals. The means for theta/alpha and delta/alpha ratio Z scores at F3, Fz, and F4 were below 1.0 Z in the all-dancer ranks group. The mean theta/beta ratio at Cz for the all-dancer group was 2.61. The principal dancer group (n=11) had a mean theta/beta ratio of 3.04. The all-dancer group without the principals (n=36) had a theta/beta ratio mean of 2.48. The principal vs all other ranks T/B ratio t-test p-value was 0.0024, indicating that the mean principal T/B ratio was significantly higher. The absence of abnormal theta/alpha and delta/alpha ratios in this dancer cohort was expected; the elevated theta/beta ratios, particularly in the principal dancers, were not consistent with our prediction. Possible explanations for a high T/B ratio being beneficial for ballet dancers include better emotional regulation in a high-pressure setting, reduced over-control of movement, enhanced body awareness and proprioceptive integration, better access to “flow” states, and greater internally-directed cognition that can promote artistry. Future research options will be discussed, including investigating whether the T/B ratio predicts future status as a principal dancer.
References:
van Dijk, H., deBeus, R., Kerson, C., et al. (2020). Different spectral analysis methods for the Theta/Beta Ratio calculate different ratios but do not distinguish ADHD from controls. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 45(3), 165–173.
Chetty, C.A., Bhardwaj, H., Kumar, G.P. et al. EEG biomarkers in Alzheimer’s and prodromal Alzheimer’s: a comprehensive analysis of spectral and connectivity features. Alz Res Therapy 16, 236 (2024).
Hamilton, C. A., Schumacher, J., Matthews, F., Taylor, J.-P., Allan, L., Barnett, N., Cromarty, R. A., Donaghy, P. C., Durcan, R., Firbank, M., Lawley, S., O’Brien, J. T., Roberts, G., & Thomas, A. J. (2021). Slowing on quantitative EEG is associated with transition to dementia in mild cognitive impairment. International Psychogeriatrics, 33(12), 1321–1325.
Bussalb, A., Collin, S., Barthélemy, Q., Ojeda, D., Bioulac, S., Blasco-Fontecilla, H., Brandeis, D., Purper Ouakil, D., Ros, T., & Mayaud, L. (2019). Is there a cluster of high theta-beta ratio patients in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? Clinical Neurophysiology, 130(8), 1387–1396
Pappalettera, C., Nucci, L., Cacciotti, A., Vecchio, F., Marra, C., Caraglia, N., … Rossini, P. M. (2025). Electroencephalography-based signatures of cognitive resilience in individuals with stable mild cognitive impairment despite carrying a high-risk for progression to dementia. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions, 11(4), e70194
Financial Disclosure:
Our presenters have no financial interests to disclose.
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#19: "Won't Back Down: Integrating Biofeedback and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Foster Resilience, Psychophysiological Flexibility, and Growth-Mindset in College Students"
POSTER CITATION WINNER - Neurofeedback
Presented by:
Collier Shepard, MA, MS, LMHC, University of Florida Counseling and Wellness Center
Abstract: As national data indicate modest improvements in anxiety and depression among college students, university counseling centers continue to encounter high rates of chronic stress, emotional dysregulation, burnout, and psychological inflexibility. These persistent challenges highlight the need for interventions that strengthen both autonomic regulation and psychological flexibility, fostering resilience and a growth mindset. Drawing inspiration from the Florida Gators' rallying anthem "I Won't Back Down," the University of Florida Counseling and Wellness Center (CWC) has developed an integrative model combining biofeedback training and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) to empower students to stay grounded, adaptive, and committed to values-based actions in the face of adversity. Through neurofeedback and heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB), students learn to recognize and self-regulate physiological responses to stress in real time. ACT's core processes of mindfulness, acceptance, cognitive defusion, values, self-as-context, and committed action complement biofeedback to foster psychophysiological flexibility, the ability to adapt one's physiological, emotional, and cognitive states to meet life's demands. This presentation will outline the CWC's integrative approach, and participants will gain guidance for incorporating evidenced-based practices with biofeedback and ACT to help students "not back down" and flourish by cultivating a more resilient, courageous, and grounded response to adversity.
References:
Gevirtz, R. (2020). Incorporating heart rate variability biofeedback into acceptance and commitment therapy. Biofeedback, 48(1), 16-19. https://doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-48.01.05
Lehrer, P. (2025). The importance of including psychophysiological methods in psychotherapy. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 50(2), 169–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-024-09667-w
Otared N, Khoshsohbatyazdi M, & Ghalamkari A (2025). Acceptance and commitment therapy group intervention on anxiety sensitivity, worry severity and intolerance of uncertainty in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 25, 3, 309-320.
Thompson, L. (2025). Synergy between neurofeedback and biofeedback enhances therapeutic outcomes. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 50(2), 305–314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-025-09706-0
Wigton, N.L. & Krigbaum, G. (2019). Attention, executive function, behavior, and electrocortical function, significantly improved with 19-channel Z-score neurofeedback in a clinical setting: A pilot study. Journal of Attention Disorders, 23(4), 398-408.
Financial Disclosure:
Our presenter has no financial interests to disclose.
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20: The Impact of Breathing-Blinking Patterns on Dry Eye Experience
Presented by:
Erik Peper, PhD San Francisco State University
Aiko Yoshino, PhD San Francisco State University
Richard Harvey, PhD, San Francisco State University
Abstract
Purpose: Dry eye symptoms and digital eye strain (DES) affect over 50% of the adult population. These conditions are exacerbated by prolonged screen exposure, reduced blink rates, and sustained-near accommodative effort. This study examines the effect of two different breathing and eye-opening techniques could influence the subjective experience of eye moisture and relaxation.
Methods: A sample of 26 participants engaged in two experimental conditions designed to elicit contrasting autonomic responses: (1) a "fearful" shallow thoracic inhalation while simultaneously opening the eyes wide and (2) a slow diaphragmatic exhalation accompanied by gentle eye opening with facial muscle relaxation. Following each intervention, participants provided subjective ratings of ocular dryness and relaxation.
Results: Analysis revealed that 92.3% of participants reported significantly higher levels of ocular moisture and relaxation during the diaphragmatic exhalation while opening the eyes than when gasping inhalation while opening the eyes. ANOVA revealed a significant difference between conditions, F(1,49) = 9.65, p= .003. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation was observed between baseline eye irritation and recent self-reported anxiety and fear (r= .64).
Conclusion: Findings suggest that simple breathing–blinking interventions may reduce sympathetic activation and promote ocular comfort as a self-care strategy.
Learning objectives
1. Explain the physiological mechanisms underlying dry eye symptoms and digital eye strain, including the roles of reduced blinking, sustained near-focus muscle contraction, and increased sympathetic arousal.
2.Describe the relationship between breathing patterns, autonomic regulation, and ocular comfort, particularly how shallow thoracic breathing and vigilance may contribute to decreased tear production and eye irritation.
3Compare the effects of two breathing–eye opening patterns (fearful gasp vs. gentle diaphragmatic exhalation) on perceived eye moisture and relaxation, based on the study’s methodology and findings.
4 Interpret the study’s statistical findings, including the significance of the ANOVA results and the correlation between eye irritation and recent anxiety/fear.
5 Apply breathing–blinking self-regulation techniques as a practical intervention to reduce sympathetic activation and promote ocular moisture and comfort during prolonged screen use.
Financial Disclosure:
Our presenters have no financial interests to disclose.
